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Access controls are important for keeping a company’s information safe. They decide who can see, use, or change data, systems, or resources. By setting clear permissions, access controls make sure only authorized people can reach sensitive information, such as financial or customer records. This helps prevent mistakes, data leaks, and cyberattacks from unauthorized access.

Access control policies explain how access is given, checked, and removed. They follow the principle of least privilege, meaning users only get the access needed for their job. Strong passwords, multi-factor authentication, and role-based access make these policies stronger and safer.

When managed correctly, access control policies protect data from both inside and outside threats. They also help companies follow privacy and security laws. For example, in AWS (Amazon Web Services), access is managed through Identity and Access Management (IAM), where administrators assign specific permissions to users and groups. This keeps systems secure and reduces the risk of data exposure.