Flashcard Set 5
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Define: Sub network
A separately identifiable part of a larger network that typically represents a certain limited number of host computers, the hosts in a building or geographic area, or the hosts on an individual local area network.
____________ is used to determine the number of bits that are used for the subnet and host portions of the address. It is used as a screen of numbers used for routing traffic within a subnet. Once a packet has arrived at a gateway or connection point with its unique network number, it can be routed to its destination within the internal gateways using the subnet number.
Subnet mask
____________ is also called switching hub, bridging hub, officially mac bridge. It is a computer networking device that connects devices together on a computer network by using packet switching to receive, process and forward data to the destination device.
Switch
____________ is a fully switched network is a computer network that uses only network switches rather than network hubs on ethernet local area networks. The switches allow for a dedicated connection to each workstation. A switch allows for many conversations to occur simultaneously.
Switched network
____________ are sometimes also known as symlinks. Symbolic links are essentially advanced shortcuts that point to another file.
Symbolic links
____________ is a branch of cryptography involving algorithms that use symmetrical keys for two different steps of the algorithm. Symmetric cryptography is called secret-key cryptography because the entities that share the key.
Symmetric cryptography
____________ is a cryptographic key that is used in a symmetric cryptographic algorithm.
Symmetric key
____________ is a type of denial-of-service attack in which an attacker sends a succession of syn requests to a target’s system in an attempt to consume enough server resources to make the system unresponsive to legitimate traffic.
Syn flood
____________ is the signal made up of a distinctive pattern of bits that network hardware looks for to signal that start of a frame. Synchronization refers to one of two distinct but related concepts: synchronization of processes, and synchronization of data.
Synchronization
____________ is a widely used standard for message logging facility in unix systems. It permits separation of the software that generates messages, the system that stores them, and the software that reports and analyzes them.
Syslog
____________ is a digital circuit using tdm (time-division multiplexing).
T1 t3
____________ is defined as deliberately trying to change or alter a system’s logic, data, or control information to cause the system to perform unauthorized functions or services.
Tamper
____________ is the passive collection of configuration attributes from a remote device during standard layer 4 network communications. The combination of parameters may be used to infer the remote machine’s operating system (os), or incorporated into a device fingerprint.
Tcp fingerprinting
____________ checks each and every port after performing a full three-way handshake on each port to determine if it was open.
Tcp full open scan
____________ determines if a port is open by performing the first half of a three-way handshake. It is also referred to as the syn scanning.
Tcp half open scan
____________ is a software package that is used to restrict access to certain network services based on the source of the connection
Tcp wrapper
____________ is a freeware protocol analyzer for unix systems that can monitor network traffic on a wire. It allows the user to display tcp/ip and other packets being transmitted or received over a network.
Tcpdump
____________ is a basic communication language or protocol of the internet and can be used as a communications protocol in a private network as well (either an intranet or an extranet).
Tcp ip
____________ is a tcp-based, application-layer, internet standard protocol and an essential tcp/ip protocol for accessing remote computers. Through telnet, an administrator or another user can access someone else’s computer remotely.
Telnet
____________ is a possible danger that might exploit a vulnerability to violate security protocols and thus, cause possible harm. A threat can be either deliberate (example, an individual cracker or a criminal organization) or accidental (example, the possibility of a computer malfunctioning, or the possibility of a natural disaster such as an earthquake, a fire, or a tornado) or otherwise a circumstance, capability, action, or event.
Threat
____________ is a structured process used to identify and evaluate various risks or threats that an organization might be exposed to.
Threat assessment
____________ is a process that is used to optimize network security by identifying the key objectives and vulnerabilities, and then defining countermeasures to prevent, or mitigate the effects of, threats to the system or network.
Threat model
____________ is a methodology that a threat uses to get to the target.
Threat vector
____________ is a mechanism that limits the lifespan of data in a computer or network. Ttl is generally implemented as a counter or time stamp attached to or embedded in the data. Ttl value in an ip data packet tells a network router whether or not the packet has been in the network too long and should be discarded.
Time to live
____________ is ip fragmentation that is the process of breaking up a single internet protocol (ip) datagram into multiple packets of smaller size.
Tiny fragment attack
____________ is an authentication method that offers additional security. Using this method, each user has a smart card or token that either displays a constantly changing password, passkey, or buttons that calculate a new password based on a challenge phrase. Without this card or token, it is impossible to authenticate yourself to the system. This two-factor authentication provides additional security by requiring an attacker to both guess the user’s password and steal the smart card or token that is used to access the system.
Token based access control
____________ is known by several names such as, hardware token, authentication token, usb token, cryptographic token, software token, virtual token, or key fob. A security token may be a physical device that an authorized user is given to access a system or network. Security tokens are used to prove one’s identity electronically and are used in addition to or in place of a password to prove that the customer is who they claim to be. The token acts like an electronic key to access something.
Token based devices
____________ is a local area network in which all computers are connected in a ring or star topology and a binary digit or token-passing scheme is used in order to prevent the collision of data between two computers that want to send messages at the same time. It uses a special three-byte frame called a “token” that travels around a logical “ring” of workstations or servers.
Token ring
____________ is the geometric arrangement of a computer system. Common topologies include a bus, star, and ring. Two networks have the same topology if the connection configuration is the same, although the networks may differ in physical interconnections, distances between nodes, transmission rates, and/or signal types.
Topology
____________ is a tool that maps the route a packet takes from the local machine to a remote destination. The history of the route is recorded as the round-trip times of the packets received from each successive host (remote node) in the route (path). The sum of the mean times in each hop indicates the total time spent to establish the connection.
Traceroute tracert exe
