Some emerging vulnerabilities on mobile devices include the presence of mobile ransomware – a type of malicious software that encrypts files on a mobile device and then demands a ransom payment to decrypt them. Another concern is browser exploits, which capitalize on security flaws in a mobile browser or in other applications that interact with the browser, such as PDF readers. Furthermore, malicious apps can pose a threat by requesting more permissions than necessary, stealing sensitive information, or installing malware. They can also deceive users by masquerading as safe or well-known apps to gain permission to access sensitive data.