Trouble shooting windows is something that I do very often. With being a streamer among just general PC maintenance.
I think the most common one I use personally would be a System File Check. In particular if I am having issues with my recording/streaming software. It is very common for me to have issues with audio among other things after a Windows update/or security update. Being able to check and ensure that all of my supporting software is working. For example, any driver updates that I need with third party installers.
The next thing I would say I use. Is Safe Mode. I use this if I am really running low on options, It helps me root out any third party drivers/applications that may be causing crashes, blue screens, ect.