[Manny Varela]

Explain the firewall characteristics and types.  Use examples from the text, video, and at least one additional reference.  Explain why firewalls are important for a security officer to know.

[Aaron Elliott]

Fire walls block ports from unverified connections and protects one network from another. Fire wall types include:
Generation 1: performs packet filtering and forms of access controls. Involves router settings and works on layer three of the OSI model.
Generation 2: Is a proxy firewall that stands between trusted and untrusted devices. Working at the application layer and follows specific protocols.
Generation 3: Is a stateful firewall, so settings for what is allowed and not, and anomalies have to be set up before use is needed.
Generation 4: A packet filtering firewall that includes stateful qualities as well as proxy firewalls. Packets are screened for expected packets which increases security, but proper settings are needed to reduce the effect on performance.
Generation 5: Works in the kernel of a system and has direct integration with the operating system and has more control over security.

It is important to understand firewalls as they are the first line of defense for networks. With many variations of firewalls, it is important to know what type and where in the network a firewall is best served for efficient protection. Firewalls do not protect against malicious programs but malicious traffic (CISA, 2023). It is important to understand what firewall is capable of since most come preconfigured.

Reference:
Cybersecurity & infrastructure security agency, (2023) Understanding Firewalls for Home and Small Office Use. https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/news/understanding-firewalls-home-and-small-office-use.

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